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Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD are traditionally recognized as distinct diseases, with some clearly separate characteristic. Asthma originates in childhood, is associated with allergies and eosinophils, and is best treated by targeting inflammation, whereas COPD occurs in adults who smoke, involves neutrophils, and is best treated with bronchodilators and the removal of risk factors. However, the distinction between the two is not always clear. Patients with severe asthma may present with fixed airway obstruction, and patients with COPD may have hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia. Recognizing and understanding these overlapping features may offer new insight into the mechanisms and treatment of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD are pulmonary disorders characterized by various degrees of airflow limitation, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Bronchial asthma, an allergic disease that develops in childhood, is physiologically characterized by reversible airflow obstruction. It has an episodic course and a generally favorable prognosis, as it responds well to anti-inflammatory treatment. These definitions describe the physiological and anatomic extremes of asthma and COPD, and allow them to be recognized as distinct disease entities.